UNIT 2

THE GRAMMAR

MODALS DEGREES OF CERTAINTY

IN MANY OCCASION WE HAVE USED THE MODAL IN PRESENT TO EXPRESS OUR IDEAS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF CERTAINTY. ALSO WE CAN DO THE SAME IN THE PAST OR IN THE FUTURE, AND WE HAVE TO FOLLOW AN ORDER.

THE MODAL +HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

ALMOST CERTAIN ( SURE )

• I MUST HAVE DONE THE HOMEWORK
• HE MUST HAVE LEARNT THE CLASS

ALMOST CERTAIN NEGATIVE ( SURE OR NOT SURE )

• SHE CANT HAVE BEING THE TEACHER
• YOU CANT HAVE BEING SERIOUS 

QUITE SURE ( VERY SURE )

• I SHOUD HAVE LISTENED TO MY MOTHER.