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Unit 2

Modal Verbs. Degrees of certainty

Grammar Explanation

We use modals of certainty to make deductions or assumptions, that is, to make judgments and opinions about a situation in the present. These modal verbs are: must, can't/couldn't, should/ought to, may, might and could.

We use must when we have reasons to be sure of something. We use can't/couldn't when we think something is impossible. We use should/ ought to where we think something is quite sure and have a big possibility of happening. Might, may and could are used in situations where the speaker is not sure of the deduction or assumption he makes due to lack of information or because it is not evident.

Examples:
MUST
Subject + must + infinitive
He is a biologist, he must know a lot about animals.

CAN'T
This jacket can't belong to Mike. It's too small.

SHOULD/OUGHT TO
She should be here soon. (It is probable, not certain.)

MAY /MIGHT /COULD
She might/may/ could  tell us what happened if we ask her.

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